RKTechGame | JDBC Architecture Explained

JDBC kya hai?

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Java ka ek API hai jo Java applications ko databases se connect karne deta hai. Iske through Java programs SQL queries run kar sakte hain, data fetch ya update kar sakte hain.

JDBC Architecture ke Main Components

• Application: Java program ya servlet jo database se interact karta hai.
• JDBC API: Java classes aur interfaces ka set jo database interaction ko standard banata hai. Isme Connection, Statement, ResultSet, DriverManager jaisi important interfaces hoti hain.
• DriverManager: JDBC drivers ko manage karta hai aur appropriate driver select kar ke database connection establish karta hai.
• JDBC Drivers: Database-specific drivers hote hain jo Java aur database ke beech communication ka bridge kaam karte hain.

JDBC Architecture Diagram

Typical JDBC architecture me layers kuch is prakar hoti hain:

Two-tier vs Three-tier Architecture

Two-tier: Application directly database se connect hota hai via JDBC driver.
Three-tier: Application pehle middleware server ko call karta hai, jo phir database se connected hota hai. JDBC driver middleware pe chal sakta hai.

JDBC Connection Process

1. Driver Load Karna: Database specific driver ko load karna, jaise Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
2. Connection Establish Karna: DriverManager.getConnection() method call kar ke database se connect hona
3. Statement Create Karna: SQL queries execute karne ke liye Statement ya PreparedStatement banana
4. Query Execute Karna: SQL statements ko run karna aur ResultSet se data lena
5. Resources Close Karna: Connection, Statement close karke resources free karna

JDBC Driver Types

• Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge (deprecated)
• Type 2: Native API driver (partly Java, partly native code)
• Type 3: Network Protocol driver (pure Java)
• Type 4: Thin Driver (pure Java, directly DB se connect)