Java Ki Paribhasha aur Overview
Java ek high-level, object-oriented programming language hai jo Sun Microsystems ne 1995 me develop ki thi. Java ka main purpose tha ek aisi language banani jo platform independent ho, matlab jo code ek baar likha jaye to use kisi bhi device ya operating system par bina badle chalaya ja sake.
Java ka principle hai "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA), iska matlab ek baar likha gaya program har jagah chal sakta hai.
Java Ki Key Features
- Platform Independent: Java ka code har OS aur hardware pe chal sakta hai jahan JVM (Java Virtual Machine) available hai.
- Object-Oriented: Java objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism jaise concepts pe based hai jo code ko modular aur reusable banate hain.
- Simple aur Secure: Java ka syntax asaan hai aur ye security features provide karta hai jaise automatic memory management aur sandbox environment.
- Robust: Exception handling aur strong memory management se Java programs reliable hote hain.
- Multithreaded: Java ek samay me kai tasks (threads) ko efficiently chala sakta hai.
- High Performance: Java ka Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler fast execution mein madad karta hai.
- Distributed: Java network programming ko support karta hai jisse distributed applications ban sakti hain.
- Dynamic aur Extensible: Java dynamically classes load karta hai jo flexible aur scalable applications banane mein madad karta hai.
Java Ka Itihaas
Java ko sabse pehle James Gosling aur unki team ne Sun Microsystems mein early 1990s me develop kiya tha. Java ka pehla naam "Oak" tha, jo ek ped ka naam tha, lekin trademark issues ke wajah se baad mein iska naam "Java" kar diya gaya.
Java originally consumer devices jaise TV set-top boxes ke liye banayi gayi thi, lekin jaldi hi yeh ek general-purpose programming language ban gayi jo web, enterprise aur mobile applications ke liye use hone lagi.
Java ke kai major versions aaj tak release ho chuke hain jisme naye features aur improvements aayi hain. Kuch important milestones hain:
- JDK 1.0 (1996): Pehla official release
- JDK 1.2 (1998): Collections Framework introduce hua
- Java SE 5 (2004): Generics, enhanced for-loop, annotations add hue
- Java SE 8 (2014): Lambda expressions aur new date/time API aayi
- Aaj ke versions modularity, performance aur language features pe focused hain
Java Ke Applications
Java ka use kai jagah hota hai, jaise:
- Web applications aur back-end services develop karne mein
- Android mobile apps banane mein
- Enterprise software solutions
- Scientific aur research computing
- Embedded systems
- Big Data technologies
- Games aur desktop GUI applications